CLASS-XII

PAPER : GEOGRAPHY

BOARD SCHEME:

Marks : 100

THEORY

INDIA : GENERAL GEOGRAPHY

1. The Unity in Diversity of (Marks : 17)

   Physical Environment

2. The Unity in Diversity of (Marks : 15)

Social Environment

INDIA : RESOURCE AND REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT

3. Natural Resource of India (Marks : 21)

4. Regional Dimension of (Marks : 12)

Economic Development

1. Map Work (Marks : 05)

(relating to units 1 to 4 )

Practical Paper : (Marks : 20)

(1) Processing of data,

(2) Representation of Data and

(3) Field work and local survey

Record Book (Marks : 05)

Viva Voce (Marks : 05)

1. Location Setting.
2. Physiography: Structure, relief and drainage; three fold physiographic divisions-geomorphic process in each of them.
3. Climate : temperature, pressure, winds and rainfall.

   The Monsoonal regime : origin of Monsoon : regional characteristics.

4. Natural vegetation : classification of vegetation; forest types in India;

   Impact of human activity on vegetation.

5. Soils : Types of soils and their distribution.
6. Physiographic regions of India.

1. The Peopling of India : distribution of racial groups
2. Population of India : aspects of spatial distribution and growth; migration trends,
3. Population composition : Demographic Attributes - rural urban composition, urbanisation, sex composition, age structure, working population.
4. Ethnic & Socio - Cultural Attributes : Scheduled Castes; Schedule Tribes; Languages and dialect groups; religious composition of population.
5. Rural Settlements; classification and house types.
6. India : Unity in diversity.

1. Natural resources : land, soils, water, forests, grasslands, livestock, fisheries, energy resources, minerals, associated problems and mode of conservation.

2. Agriculture : wet and dry agriculture; crop combination and intensity of cropping ; main features of agricultural transformation - use of technology in agriculture; regional patterns of major crops - achievements and problems.
3. Industries : Basic and consumer goods industry ; agro - based, mineral - based , pastoral and forest - based industries with special reference to iron - steel, textiles, sugar, paper and petro-chemicals including oil refineries, industrial location and clustering, achievements and problems in industrial development, industrial self -reliance.
4. Transport systems : rail transport; road transport; water transport, ports; air transport; pipelines; integrated role of transport systems.

1. Regional development -its need, concept of development : planning regions - multi level planning.

2. Case Studies :

1. Damodar valley industrial region.
2. Tribal development block : Bastar.
3. Metropolitan regions : area study if (i) National Capital region,

   (ii) Bombay metropolitan Region.

4. Indira Gandhi Canal Command area.
5. Rural reconstruction: (i) Anand dairy Farming in Gujarat, (ii) Tarai reclamation in Uttar Pradesh and (ii) Apple orchards in Himachal Pradesh.

1. Identification of locations on outline map of India based on units 1-3.
2. Locating and labelling of features on the outline map of India based on units 1-3.

Recommended list of items for Map Work

Relief Feature and Drainage

1. Location : 1. Latitude 2. Longitude 3. Central Meridan 4. Indira Point 5. Indira Col
2. Mountains : 1. Karakoram Ranges, 2. Ladakh Ranges 3. Zanskar Ranges 4. Pir Panjal Ranges 5. Himadri 6. Himachal 7. Shivalik 8. Nagahills 9. Patkai Bum 10. Mizohills 11. Chin hills 12. Gar, Khasi and Jaintia hills 13. Aravalli Rages. 14. Vindhyan Ranges 15. Satpura Ranges 16. Mahadeo hills 17. Maikala Ranges 18. Rajmahal Ranges 19. Western ghats 20. Nilgiri Ranges 21. Cardamom hills 22. Eastern ghats.
3. Peaks : 1. K₂ 2. Kanchenjunga 3. Nandadevi 4. Nanga Parvat 5. NamcheBarwa Peak 6. Gurushikhar 7. Anaimudi
4. Passes : 1. Shipkila 2. Karakoram 3. Bara Lacha 5. Natula 6. Jalepa 7. Bomdila 8. Palghat 9. Bhor ghat 10. Thal ghat
5. Plateau : 1. Malwa 2. Chotanagpur 3. Chattisgarh 4. Meghalaya 5. Deccan . Other Plateau areas are for Identification only.
6. Coastal plains : 1. Saurashtra 2. Konkan 3. North and Souoth Kanara 4. Malabar 5. Coromandel 6. North Circar.
7. Rivers : 1. Brahmaputra 2. Indus 3. Sutlej 4. Chenab 5. Jhelum 6. Beas 7. Ravi 8. Ganga 9. Yamuna 10. Gomti 11. Ghaghra 12. Gandak 13. Kosi 14. Chambal 15. Sind 16. Betwa 17. Ken 18. Son 19. Damodar 20. Mahanadi 21. Krishan 22. Kaveri 23. Godavari 24. Narmada 25. Tapi 26. Luni 27. Mahi 28. Sabarmati
8. Lakes : 1. Sambhar 2. Chilika, 3. Kolleru 4. Pulicat 5. Vembanad.
9. Straits. Bays, Gulfs : 1. Palk Strait 2. Gulf of Mannar 3. Gulf of Khambhat 4. Gulf of Kacheh 5. Barren Island 6. Rann of Kutch
10. Climate : 1. Direction of Monsoon winds : North east and Southwest 2. Isobar in January and July 3. Isotherms in January and July 4. Distribution of rainfall - High, Moderate and Low 5. Areas of winter rainfall.
11. Soils and Natural Vegetation : 1. Distribution of Soils 2. Distribution of natural Vegetation (Identification on outline map of India.)
12. Population and Settlements : 1. Distribution of Population 2. Metropolitan cities according to 1991 census. 3. Schedules Tribes and Caste distribution. Identification on outline map of India.

1. Coal : Raniganj, Jharia, Neyveli, Talcher, Chanda - Wardha.
2. Petroleum crude : Bombay High.
3. Petroleum refineries : Koyali, Mathura, Guwahati, Bongaigaon, Barauni, Vishakhapatnan, Chennai, Cochin, Digboi.
4. Hydro electric Centres : Uri Rulhasti, Salal (J&K) Chamera (HP), Tanakpur (U.P.) Loktak (Manipur) Identification on outline map of India.
5. Mineral Resources : Ironore Singhbhum, Baladila, Kudremukh, Manganese Hazari Bagh, Shimoga, Balaghat - Chindhwara Mica - Gaya, Nellore, Koderma,

   Copper- Khatri, Dilwara, Hazaribagh, Hassan, Gold : Hutti, Kolar, Silver, Lead-Udaipur, Meghalaya Salt - Mandi, Samhar.

6. Agriculture : Important areas of cultivation - rice, wheat, cotton, sugercane, Tea, Coffee, Jute, Rubber, tobacco, For identification on outline map of India.

7. Manufacturing Industries : Textiles : Mumbai, Ahemdabad, Surat, Murshidabad, Varanasi, Nagpur, Coimbatore, Sholapur, Gwalior, srinagar, Sugar - Meerut, Sharanpur, Muzaffarnagar, Bijnor, Moradabad, Saran Champaran, Nasik, Pune, satara, Sholapur, Leather. Kanpur, Agra - Paper - Nepanagar, Sirpur, Ballarpur. Glass - Firozabad, Satara, Belgachia, Iron and Steel - Jamshedpur Durgapur, Bhilai, Rourkela, Bhadravati, Vishakhapaptnam, Salem, Vijaynagar, Bokaro, Kulti, Burnpur. Heavy Engineering- Ranchi, Hyderabad, Chittaranjan, Varanasi, Jamshedlpur, Fertilisers - Udyogmandal , Mithapur Fertilizers - Sindri, Nangal, Namtup. Industrial Clusters - Major Industrial Clusters for Identification only on outline map of India. Transport, 1. Headquarters of all Railway zones. Roads NH, 1,2,7, Seaports - Kandla, Mumbai, Jawaharlal, Nehru Port, Marmagao, cochin, Tuticorin, Chennai, vishakhapatnam Paradip, Haldia, Calcutta. Airports - All International Airports, Pipe Lines - H.B.J., Haldia - Naharkatiya, Kandla - Maura. Regional Development - Identification of features in the following regions based on maps as given in the NCERT Text books. 1. Bastar 2. National Capital Region 3. Mumbai Metropolitan Region 4. Indira Gandhi Canal Command Area.