CBSE ANNUAL PAPER - 1998

Mention any two special rights enjoyed by the imperialist powers in China in the 19th century.

(1) The imperialist powers and certain extra-territorial facilities in China in the 19th century.

(2) They could enjoy trade facilities and also controlled some areas for their own use.

Why is the period of between September, 1939 and April, 1940 known as the period of the 'Phoney War' in Europe ?

The period between September, 1939 and April, 1940 is known as the period of 'Phoney War' in 'Europe because there was no major war - like activities during this period.

Mention any two steps taken by Lenin immediately after the October Revolution in Russia (1917).

(2) He assured employment to the workers.

(3) He ensured peace for the solider.

(4) He gave assurances of equality to the non-RussiAns.

Name any two political organisations set up in India before the Indian National Congress.

The names of the two political organisations set up in India before the Indian National Congress were :

(i) The British Indian Association (1851) in Bengal; (2) The Poona Sarvajanik Sabha in 1852.

Describe the reasons for conflicts among European powers in the early years of the 20th century.

(i) Competition between the Europeapn imperialists to capture colonies;

(ii) Desire to seek raw-material at cheaper rates;

(iii) Desire to sell finished goods at higher rates; and

(iv) Imperialistic rivalries and formation of military alliances.

Describe, the examples, the rise of USA as an imperialist power till the beginning of the First World War.

With industrialisation and development of economy, the USA emerged as an imperialist power in the world, the USA adopted the open door policy in Asia make her presence felt in China particularly. With regard to the Latin American countries, the USA followed the policies of 'Big Stick' and 'Dollar diplomacy' to have her control in those countries and she did control Mexico, Florida, Alaska, Guiana, Nicaragua, Cuba.

(1) Second world war become a global war because within a few months, almost every country of the world starting amassing Arms. But United State of America, announced her neutrality. II World War made it truley global war because most of the countries particiapted in this war.

Describe any two important reasons for the arms race which began after the Second World War. What were its effects ?

The Second World War began in 1939 and ended up in 1945. After the war in 1945, there had started arms race between the countries of the world, especially the USA and the USSR. The two important reasons for he arms race were : (1) Ideological differences between the USA (professing capitalism) and the USSR (professing communism); (2) Attempt on the part of the each country to increase their respective areas of influence.

The effect of the arms race was the beginning of the era of cold war.

Examine the role of the Press in promoting national consciousness among the Indian people in the 19th century.

or

The press played an important role in rousing the national consciousness of the people. It gave the people unity which they needed badly. It became an instrument for giving expression to the grievances of the people. Tilak's Kesari and Maratha, the Hindu, the Amrit Patrika, and the like gave the Indians a platform where they could express their views against the British Government.

The two foreign scholars who contributed in the rediscovery of India's past were :

(i) William Jones whose society, the Aisatic Society, made a fruitful enquiry into the history and antiquities, arts, sciences and literature;

(ii) James Prinsep who not only discovered the clue to the inscriptions of Ashoka, but also had studied Sanskirt on scientific lines so to be able to understand India's past.

"The end of Cold War is considered as the most significant and positive development of recent years." Give arguments to justify this statement.

The end of Cold War, following the disintegration of the USSR in 1990-91, was the most significant positive development of recent years. As a result, there had emerged a new world. There is, now, no arms race as it was before. The concept of three worlds has given way to the one relating to two worlds-developed and the developing. Attempts are being made to create a new international economic order, minimising thus, the chances of neo-colonialism. The world's problems, with the end of the cold war, have not ended. There are, now, newer problems, for example, those relating to terroriwm. But in any case, the world witnesses a new chapter with the end of the cold war.

Examine the factors and forces responsible for the partition of India in 1947.

The following were the circumstances which led to the partition of India in 1947 :

(1) The English had followed the policy of Divide and Rule to maintain their empire and to protoect their interests. They never liked the rule of the Congress which advocated total freedom of the country. Hence, they patronised the Muslims and promoted their commnunal sentiments.

(2) The congress sought the policy of continued appeasement gave undue importance to Mr. Jinnah who emerged the great opponent of the Congress policy.

(3) The League embarked upon a policy of puting hurdles to whatever the Congress planned to do and opposed all the policies of the Congress party. This policy of virtual confrontation worried the prevailing conditions and led the congress leaders to believe that partition was the only solution of ending the prevailing chaos.

(4) Some Muslims countries instigated the Muslims in India to demand a separate country for the preservation of Muslim culture and religion.

(5) The communal character of the Hindu Mahasabha also encouraged the Muslims in India to demand for their own separate home land.

(6) The Cripps Mission sowed the seeds of the Partition of India.

On the outline map of India provided to you, locate and name the following.

(a) The place from where Gandhiji started his march to begin the Civil Disobedience Movement.

Note : The following question is for BLIND CANDIDATE Only in lieu of Q. No. 10.

The main objectives of the UNO are :

(1) to maintain peace and security among the nations.

(2) to avoid the recurrence of war.

(3) to promote friendly relations among the countries.

(4) to resolve the international disputes through peaceful meAns.

SECTION - B ( CIVICS)

What is meant by 'regionalism' in the Indian context ?

Regionalism is the demand of the people of a region to seek justice.

The two remedies to eradicate are :

(1) Providing better opportunities for development for undeveloping regions.

(2) Seeking over-all economic development.

Describe three major challenges that Indian democraocy faces.

The three major challenges which Indian democracy faces are :

(1) Communalism : a religion is pitted against another, a device that divides people.

(2) Casteism : a device which divides people an grounds of caste.

(3) Linguism : another device that creates disunity among the people.

Explain the meaning of the two party system. How best can the Indian Party system be described ?

By two-party system we mean a system where there exist two major political parties. The United States of America and the United Kingdom have two-party systems.

The Indian party system is a multiparty system where the political system works through the help of political parties both at the national and regional levels working together.

Explain the provisions made in the Indian Constitution for improving the condition of the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes.

(i) The Constitution and the state give to the Scheduled castes and the Scheduled Tribes certain facilities of financial and educational type.

(ii) The people belonging to these sections of society are given free and compulsory education.

(iii) The law are the constitution reserve certain per centage of reacts in the legislature for these sections.

Explain, with examples, the main features of India's foreign policy.

(1) Belief in world peace and security;

(2) Friendly relations with all the countries of the world;

(3) Opposition to apartheid, racial discrimination and imperialism;

(4) Mutual and beneficial cultural exchanges;

(5) Emphasis on disarmament.

How is the President of India elected? Explain the legislative and financial powers of the President of India.

The President of India is elected by an electoral college consisting of (i) elected members of the two Houses of the Parliament, and (ii) elected members of the legislative assemblies of the state legislature. The election is conducted on the principle of Proportional Representation through a single transferrable vote system.

The two legislative powers of the President are :

(i) He summons, prorouges the Parliament, and can dissolve the Lok Sabha.

(ii) No bill can became a law without his consent.

The two financial powers of the President are :

(i) The budget is presented in the Lok Sabha in his name. Taxes are collected in his name, and expenditure, also in his name.

(ii) He appoints the members of the Finance Commission.

SECTION - C (GEOGRAPHY)

In the given outline map of India, locate the following correctly with appropriate symbols and write the name of each item near its location :

Study the data given below carefully and answer the following questions :

Find out annual range of temperature of Jodhpur. Show calculations.

Name the stations which is farthest from the Equator. Also name the driest station.

Delhi is the farthest from the Equation; Jodhpur is the driest station.

Annual range of few temperature is 19.0 C deg., i.e., 33.9 - 14.9 = 19.0 C deg.

India has very little pasture land and yet it has the largest number of cattle, Give two reasons for this.

India has very little pasture land ( 4 % of the land-use), and the largest number of cattle. The cattle in India are reared not on the pasture land, but on (a) grain chaff, (b) farm waste.

Mention one difference between 'composite textile mill, and 'spinning textile mill'. Name two leading states in Cotton Textile Industry and one manufacturing centre from each state.

The difference between 'composite textile mill' and 'spinning textile mill' is that while the former takes care of both spinning and weaving, the lotter, concerned with exclusively spinning.

The three ways in which floods can be controlled way be stated as under :

(1) Plantation of trees help control floods.

(2) New water policy for checking flood be introduced.

(3) River valley projects should be launched so to channelises water to better use.

What is the utility of Manganese ? Describe its distribution in Orissa and Karnataka states.

The utility of manganese lies in the fact that it is used in manufacturing powerful giant machines.

The mines of manganese -ore are located in Mayurbhanj and Keonjhar in Orissa. In Karnataka, the deposits are located in Chitradurga, Tumkur, Shimoga, Chikmangular, Belgaum, Dharwar and North Kanara districts.

(i) The area under rubber production has kept increasing from 63000 hectares in 1947-48 to 350000 hectares in 1984-85; (b) The rubber plantation has proved advantageous to the small landholders.

(ii) West Bengal lies in well-watered part of the country while Punjab, in a relatively arid area; (b) West Bengal is relatively more industrialised than Punjab.

Explain how the Himalayas act as a boonfor India is four different ways.

The Himalayas act as a boon for India in several ways. This can be stated as under :

(1) The Himalayas are the sources from where numerous river-systems originate.

(2) The Himalayas act as our protector protecting us from any aggression across the mountains.

(3) They are the source for herbal medicines.

(4) They provide us timber necessary for buildings and furniture.

India has diverse flora. Explain with examples four factors responsible for it.

India has diverse flora. This can be substantiated as under :

(1) The country is rich in both flowering and non-flowering plants.

(2) India's diverse flora is due to her varied relief.

(3) Daily and annual range of temperature are responsible for India's diverse flora.

(4) Varying amount of rainfall and its duration too have been helpful for India's diverse flora.

Give a merit and demerit of each of the following transport systems in India :

(a) Road transport, (b) Rail transport, (c) Inland water transport, (d) Sea transport, and (e) Air transport.

Merit -

(i) They provide useful feeder routes to villages, mines, deep forests and industrial towns.

(ii) Roads are used for parishable.

(iii) They provide transport facilities to our doorsteps.

(iv) They are useful for linking rural areas.

Demerit : -

(i) Roads are not useful for long distance transport.

(ii) It is difficult to carry heavy good through road transport.

(iii) The roads are more expensive than the railways.

(iv) They can not be used, comfortably, for carrying raw-material.

(b) Railway Transport

Merit :

(i) Railways connect long distance routes in the whole country.

(ii) They are helpful in bringing about national and regional integration.

(iii) They are useful in transporting non-perishable, heavy goods, machines, and building material.

(iv) They provide cheaper means of transport.

Demerit :

(i) Railways are not useful for perishable goods.

(ii) They require huge investment which is not available by a poor country.

(iii) It is costly to construct railways in hilly areas.

(iv) It is difficult to transshipment of goods from one gauge to another gauge.

(c) Inland Water Transport

The following are the three problems of the Indian agriculture :
(1) Too much dependence on the monsoons is one great problem of the Indian agriculture.
(2) The Indian agriculture is vulnerable to the lack of money.
(3) Lack of sophisticated equipments and good quality of money seeds.

(a) Know - how : For an agricultural inputs, a great deal of know-how is necessary. Without its, it would be difficult for the farmers to undertake the agriculture task.

(b) Seeds :Seeds constitute another important input the quality of seeds yields a good crop.

(c) Storage : Storage helps farmers to keep the crop without being destroyed.

(e) Own labour : Still another input in a agricultural enterprise is 'own labour'. Without the labour of the numbers of the farmer's family, it is difficult to undertake agricultural tasks. 'Own labour' is an important component of agricultural input.

From the Constitution of India, write any there Directive Principles relating to the economic life of the people.

The following are the three provisions in India's constitution which affect the economic life of the people :

(a) Adequate means of livelihood for all the citizens.

(b) Equal wages for equal work, both for men and women.

(c) Rights to work and education, and also help people in times of illness, and accidents.