Lead- Free Petrol Plant Faces Hurdles
The
ambitious plan of the Petroleum Ministry to introduce lealdfree petrol is unlikely to
take-off. The use of old model vehicles by a large section of the people and the
high cost involved in making the necessary changes in the engine for switching over to use
of lead-free petrol are the major hurdles in the smooth take - off of the plan.
Faced with rising levels of pollution, particularly in the metropolitan cities,
the Ministry of Petroleum had issued instructions as early as in 1986. to bring down
the maximum allowable lead-content in petrol from 0.56 grams per litre to 0.65 gram per
litre by September 1992. these instructions were repeated on October 26, 1992 and
the revised target dates were divided into two parts. Delhi, Bombay being supplied
with petrol not exceeding 0.15 gram per litre by the same period.
Sources in the Petroleum Ministry indicated that the introduction of lead-free
petrol requires heavy investment. while ideally a vehicle should be run on lead-less
petrol, the automobiles industry in the country is not fully equipped to manufacture such
automobiles which can run on lead o free petrol.
sources pointed out that lead - less petrol can only be used on a catalatic
convertor made of platinum. the convertor is currently being imported. The
design in the existing motor vehicles needs to be changed so that at the time of the
manufacturing itself such convertors can be fitted.
Significant, the cost of imported catalatic convertors is in the range of Rs.
15,000 to Rs. 30,000. Moreover, the use of lead-free petrol in a vehicle would
warrant is continuous use and if petrol with low -lead content is used even once, the
engine is likely to be damaged.
Sources said that even if the automobile industry was to switch over to the new
technology of catalatic convertors, there would still be a problem because vehicle owners
would be loathe to discard their old vehicles. Petrol with lead content would still have
to be made available to this section of car - owners.
Faced with this dilemma, the Petroleum Ministry may revise its schedule by
introducing a scheme - mix lead - less petrol, as and when the automobile industry is
prepared for the switch over, and petrol with very low content of lead for old vehicles
without the necessary catalatic convertors.
sources stated that 0.15 grams of lead per litre of petrol is regarded to be a
safe level and the target may be achieved in the country by 1996. Many developed and
developing countries are understood to be supplying car owners with lead - free petrol as
well as that with low lead - content.
Moreover, if lead - free petrol is made available in the four metros by this
year, the vehicles may not be able to ply outside the city-limits because of
non-availability of lead-free petrol other towns.
Incidentally, The Ministry of environment is reported to have suggested that
immediate measures be taken to arrest the expense of lead - related fumes in the capital,
given its dubious distinction of being among the most polluted metros of the world.
Since the number of two-wheelers is the maximum, the Environment Ministry has
suggested that production of four - stroke two wheelers be encouraged as against two
stroke two-wheelers as they emit less poisonous unburnt hydro-carbons into the atmosphere.
The Ministry has also suggested that use of asbestos as the base of brake -
lining and clutch - plates be discontinued since the use of brakes and change of gears
pushes asbestos fumes into the atmosphere which are a potent cause of cancer.
Referring to the use of single cylinder diesel vehicles, the Ministry has
suggested that use of such vehicles be discourages and replacement made with multi -
cylinder diesel vehicles.
The Ministry has suggested that sale of sub-standard fuel and lubricants be
checked and also prevent adulteration of fuel. The Ministry has also suggested that
use of tongas and cycle rickshaws on certain busy roads be discontinued for smooth flow of
the traffic because frequent use to brakes adds to the emission of polluting substance. |